Fig. 4

Construction and verification of the predictive model. (A) Forest plots of multivariate Cox regression. (B) The nomogram predicts prognosis for BC patients. (C) The calibration curve evaluates the precision of the nomogram model in forecasting 1-, 3-, and 5-year survival rates. (D) Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves show the predictive accuracy of the nomogram. (E) DCA illustrates the overall improvement of the predictive risk model. (F–H) Validation of the prognostic nomogram in external cohorts: calibration curves (F), ROC curves (G), and DCA curve (H).