Table 2 Result comparison between 3 model prediction methods.

From: A novel combination model for ultra-short-term wind speed prediction

Period

Error index

VMD-SSA-LSTM

VMD-SSA-GRU

VMD-SSA-BP

Training set

RMSE

0.07206

0.12378

0.61429

MAE

0.07017

0.095065

0.46496

MAPE

1.2663%

2.2974%

6.2482%

Test set

RMSE

0.1839

0.19645

0.59721

MAE

0.12037

0.17617

0.48413

MAPE

3.05349%

4.3831%

9.4374%