Table 3 Comparison of results from the three models.

From: A novel combination model for ultra-short-term wind speed prediction

Model

RMSE

MAE

MAPE

VMD-PSO-LSTM

0.428

0.332

8.21%

VMD-GWO-LSTM

0.381

0.291

6.87%

VMD-SSA-LSTM

0.2127

0.16037

3.3365%