Table 4 Pooled assessment of economic heterosis (%) in okra for various traits using a line × tester mating fashion.

COHF N-1 × Varsha Uphar

− 3.34

4.11

9.08*

− 11.81*

14.47*

5.34

− 17.84*

COHF N-1 × Palam Komal

− 8.45*

6.88*

10.32*

− 3.10

1.57

− 3.19

− 11.59*

COHF N-1 × Punjab Suhabani

− 20.24*

0.58

5.13

− 15.33*

− 0.73

7.81

− 27.68*

COHF N-1 × Kashi Chaman

− 14.34*

7.97*

21.85*

− 10.48*

− 9.93

6.38

− 14.42*

COHF N-2 × Varsha Uphar

− 7.47*

0.58

0.22

19.38*

− 11.92

− 2.64

− 5.43

COHF N-2 × Palam Komal

− 11.20*

4.05

− 7.81

14.01*

9.15

3.47

− 16.22*

COHF N-2 × Punjab Suhabani

− 11.98*

− 0.58

0.57

21.95*

− 8.56

17.88*

− 1.94

COHF N-2 × Kashi Chaman

− 9.04*

0.84

20.80*

13.33*

− 14.43*

24.97*

0.30

COHF N-9 × Varsha Uphar

− 2.16

23.33*

18.83*

4.71

7.86

26.24*

− 4.33

COHF N-9 × Palam Komal

1.18

15.81*

9.94*

9.59*

14.68*

− 11.06*

− 7.17

COHF N-9 × Punjab Suhabani

− 5.89

37.98*

15.07*

15.28*

16.83*

7.21

2.21

COHF N-9 × Kashi Chaman

− 15.13*

19.15*

11.53*

0.27

− 3.84

− 10.78*

− 5.96

COHF N-11 × Varsha Uphar

− 9.43*

− 1.74

9.89*

22.04*

− 9.10

4.57

3.04

COHF N-11 × Palam Komal

− 20.63*

1.35

3.11

15.48*

− 8.98

− 3.96

− 6.00

COHF N-11 × Punjab Suhabani

− 16.31*

− 3.15

12.56*

8.80*

− 23.30*

3.47

− 7.28

COHF N-11 × Kashi Chaman

− 12.38*

0.06

10.29*

− 3.67

− 22.53*

7.37

− 10.02*

UHF-Okra-2 × Varsha Uphar

− 8.25*

1.93

3.05

0.79

− 10.29

− 3.14

− 14.05*

UHF-Okra-2 × Palam Komal

− 11.39*

− 0.26

− 1.89

14.76*

− 11.26

14.03*

− 10.90*

UHF-Okra-2 × Punjab Suhabani

− 7.07*

0.71

11.10*

28.22*

− 15.50*

3.03

1.72

UHF-Okra-2 × Kashi Chaman

− 11.39*

19.15*

− 8.62*

11.58*

− 7.79

14.91*

− 14.80*

UHF-Okra-4 × Varsha Uphar

− 12.38*

1.29

11.91*

− 2.70

− 2.71

− 10.34*

− 11.58*

UHF-Okra-4 × Palam Komal

− 13.95*

1.09

13.56*

− 12.10*

2.97

7.32

− 24.41*

UHF-Okra-4 × Punjab Suhabani

− 13.95*

− 0.45

18.53*

− 12.67*

0.71

4.29

− 18.41*

UHF-Okra-4 × Kashi Chaman

− 13.56*

− 0.06

7.67

− 12.04*

− 9.17

− 3.14

− 24.35*

Kashi Vibhuti × Varsha Uphar

− 12.57*

1.80

10.48*

14.98*

− 16.50*

1.87

− 5.92

Kashi Vibhuti × Palam Komal

− 5.89

19.86*

12.32*

4.42

− 14.40*

16.72*

− 1.40

Kashi Vibhuti × Punjab Suhabani

− 11.98*

0.00

2.30

6.32

8.96

3.91

− 11.76*

Kashi Vibhuti × Kashi Chaman

− 14.93*

− 0.26

10.10*

8.28

− 14.59*

0.66

− 5.46

Kashi Mahima × Varsha Uphar

− 9.63*

12.21*

21.20*

− 4.12

− 6.55

− 10.12*

− 7.62

Kashi Mahima × Palam Komal

− 11.39*

1.48

5.43

− 0.47

1.98

6.44

− 14.70*

Kashi Mahima × Punjab Suhabani

− 2.75

− 1.35

28.74*

− 4.80

− 10.88

− 13.26*

− 3.23

Kashi Mahima × Kashi Chaman

− 11.20*

− 0.51

4.16

− 6.01

11.86

12.27*

− 15.91*

Kashi Pragati × Varsha Uphar

− 4.32

− 0.39

6.32

14.85*

− 6.32

9.52*

− 5.58

Kashi Pragati × Palam Komal

− 4.32

− 0.84

19.48*

35.68*

− 7.78

23.71*

24.14*

Kashi Pragati × Punjab Suhabani

− 12.38*

− 1.35

15.96*

37.48*

− 28.87*

− 14.41*

16.56*

Kashi Pragati × Kashi Chaman

− 12.97*

1.74

10.59*

6.26

− 36.84*

− 7.92*

− 9.72*

Kashi Satdhari × Varsha Uphar

− 6.48*

18.64*

24.61*

2.08

24.60*

12.10*

− 5.54

Kashi Satdhari × Palam Komal

4.32

39.01*

14.48*

0.41

29.71*

17.00*

− 11.53*

Kashi Satdhari × Punjab Suhabani

− 13.56*

19.47*

9.62*

51.39*

− 3.61

4.24

28.52*

Kashi Satdhari × Kashi Chaman

− 2.95

38.56*

28.04*

− 9.66*

37.70*

− 12.43*

− 7.06