Fig. 4

Identification of important modules and hub genes in the PPI network. (A) The first module, (B) the second module, and (C) the third module of the PPI network were detected by the MCODE plug-in and ranked from largest to smallest by score. Red nodes are upregulated DEGs, while blue nodes are downregulated DEGs. Edges between nodes represent interactions of DEGs. (D) Venn diagram of the top 20 genes calculated by four algorithms. PPI, protein–protein interaction; DEGs, differentially expressed genes.