Table 5 Antimicrobial stewardship strategies.
Variable | Core component 4: Antimicrobial stewardship | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Antibiotic appropriateness evaluation | Empiric therapy protocols based on local epidemiology | Antibiotic restriction policy (any class) | |||||||
Absent (N = 10) | Present (N = 28) | p valuea | Absent (N = 22) | Present (N = 16) | p valuea | Absent (N = 12) | Present (N = 26) | p valuea | |
Geographical area | |||||||||
Central Italy | 2 (20.0%) | 7 (25.0%) | 0.327 | 4 (18.2%) | 5 (31.25%) | 0.416 | 1 (8.3%) | 8 (30.8%) | 0.192 |
Islands | 3 (30.0%) | 6 (21.4%) | 7 (31.8%) | 2 (12.5%) | 2 (16.7%) | 7 (26.9%) | |||
Northern Italy | 1 (10.0%) | 10 (35.7%) | 5 (22.7%) | 6 (37.5%) | 6 (50.0%) | 5 (19.2%) | |||
Southern Italy | 4 (40.0%) | 5 (17.9%) | 6 (27.3%) | 3 (18.75%) | 3 (25.0%) | 6 (23.1%) | |||
Hospital type | |||||||||
Other | 6 (60.0%) | 9 (32.1%) | 0.489 | 1 (4.5%) | 0 (0%) | 0.13 | 2 (16.7%) | 0 (0%) | 0.158 |
Private-public | 4 (40.0%) | 16 (57.1%) | 11 (50.0%) | 4 (25.0%) | 5 (41.7%) | 10 (38.5%) | |||
Public hospital | 0 (0%) | 1 (3.6%) | 10 (45.5%) | 10 (62.5%) | 5 (41.7%) | 15 (57.7%) | |||
University hospital | 0 (0%) | 2 (7.1%) | 0 (0%) | 2 (12.5%) | 0 (0%) | 1 (3.8%) | |||
Bed capacity | |||||||||
< 200 | 2 (20.0%) | 8 (28.6%) | 0.113 | 2 (9.1%) | 2 (12.5%) | 0.407 | 1 (8.3%) | 3 (11.5%) | 0.501 |
≥ 1000 | 4 (40.0%) | 14 (50.0%) | 4 (18.2%) | 6 (37.5%) | 5 (41.7%) | 5 (19.2%) | |||
200–599 | 4 (40.0%) | 2 (7.1%) | 11 (50.0%) | 7 (43.75%) | 4 (33.3%) | 14 (53.8%) | |||
600–999 | 0 (0%) | 4 (14.3%) | 5 (22.7%) | 1 (6.25%) | 2 (16.7%) | 4 (15.4%) | |||
Case-mix complexityb | |||||||||
High | 4 (40.0%) | 9 (32.1%) | 1 | 7 (31.8%) | 6 (37.5%) | 0.323 | 6 (50.0%) | 7 (26.9%) | 0.383 |
Low | 3 (30.0%) | 10 (35.7%) | 6 (27.3%) | 7 (43.75%) | 4 (33.3%) | 9 (34.6%) | |||
Medium | 3 (30.0%) | 9 (32.1%) | 9 (40.9%) | 3 (18.75%) | 2 (16.7%) | 10 (38.5%) | |||
