Table 1 Cultural memory representations, cultural memory fields and types of cultural memory spaces.

From: Historical change and spatial relation of cultural memory in Guangzhou from the perspective of heritage representation

Memory category

Class/Gender/Minority sub-types and examples

Socio-perceptual (SPMS)

Class: Workers’ guild halls in the Pearl-River industrial belt; Gender: Women-led weaving courts in Xiguan; Minority: Hakka clan compounds in Conghua

Spirituality-based (SWMS)

Class: Scholar-gentry ancestral temples; Gender: Goddess Mazu shrines along the river; Minority: Sanyuan Li mosque (Hui community)

Media-narrative (MNMS)

Class: Anti-imperialist newspapers’ former offices; Gender: Early women’s periodical “Lingnan Lady” pressroom; Minority: Cantonese-opera troupes funded by Overseas Chinese

Production-practice (PPMS)

Class: Dock-labour barracks; Gender: Silk-reeling cooperatives headed by female entrepreneurs; Minority: Boat-dweller workshops of the Tanka people

Life-symbol (LSMS)

Class: Collective kitchens of 1950 s danwei; Gender: Midwives’ alleys commemorating female healers; Minority: Ramadan food bazaar on Litchi Bay

Functional-characterisation (FCMS)

Class: State-owned granaries repurposed as art parks; Gender: Girls’ normal-school campus; Minority: Portuguese-style customs house on Shamian

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