Table 7 Bootstrap analysis of mediating effects.

From: The chain mediating role of critical thinking and AI self-efficacy in GenAI usage competence and engineering students’ creativity

Hypothesis

STDEV

95% CI

Statistical significance

Decision

Low

High

Specific indirect effects (Mediating role of critical thinking)

 H4: GUC → CT → ESC

0.037

0.235

0.381

8.224***

Partial Mediation

 H9: GUC → CT → AISE

0.028

0.374

0.484

15.258***

Partial Mediation

Specific indirect effects (Mediating role of ai self-efficacy)

 H7: GUC → AISE → ESC

0.019

0.031

0.106

3.230**

Partial Mediation

 H10: CT → AISE → ESC

0.039

0.102

0.253

4.628***

Partial Mediation

Specific chain indirect effects (Chain mediating role of critical thinking and ai self-efficacy)

 H11: GUC → CT → AISE → ESC

0.025

0.066

0.164

4.581***

Accepted

  1. STDEV = Standard Deviation; CI = Confidence Intervals. *t > 1.96 at p < 0.05, **t > 2.576 at p < 0.01, and ***t > 3.29 at p < 0.001. AISE = Artificial Intelligence Self-Efficacy; CT = Critical Thinking; ESC = Engineering Students’ Creativity; GUC = Generative Artificial Intelligence Usage Competence. Partial mediation occurs when the mediator explains part, but not all, of the relationship between an independent variable and a dependent variable. Partial mediation = both direct and indirect effects are significant.
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