Fig. 5

Fractional distribution of Pb and Cu in soils based on the Tessier sequential extraction method before (T₀) and after 9 months (T₉) of stabilization. (a–c) Pb fraction distribution in control soil (a), WOS-P treated soil (b), and WOS-G treated soil (c). (d–f) Cu fraction distribution in control soil (d), WOS-P treated soil (e), and WOS-G treated soil (f).