Fig. 5

FA and IT estimation from high-resolution microscope images. Panels (a) and (c) show the original transverse surface images of samples S6 (open fracture) and S8 (filled fracture). Panels (b) and (d) display the corresponding ROIs analyzed using convolution-based grayscale profile analysis. Green lines mark the fracture edges, and the red line indicates the center of the discontinuity.