Table 1 Parameter setting of golden needle mushroom discrete element simulation.

Poisson’s ratio for golden needle mushrooms

0.2996

White steel cutter Poisson’s ratio

0.3

golden needle mushroom shear modulus/Pa

9.59 × 10⁶

White steel cutter shear modulus/Pa

7 × 1010

Density of golden needle mushrooms/(kg-m-3)

772.97

Density of white steel knives/(kg-m-3)

7850

golden needle mushroom - golden needle mushroom Collision Recovery Coefficient

0.513

Golden Needle-White Steel cutter Collision Recovery Coefficient

0.38

golden needle mushroom - Coefficient of static friction of golden needle mushroom

0.198

Coefficient of static friction of gold-needle mushroom-white steel cutter

0.82

Agaricus blazei - Agaricus blazei coefficient of kinetic friction

0.072

Coefficient of kinetic friction of gold-needle mushroom-white steel cutter

0.002

Normal contact stiffness/N-m-1

3.70 × 10⁸

Tangential contact stiffness/N-m-1

2.51 × 10⁸

Critical normal stress/Pa

9.0 × 10⁶

Critical tangential stress/Pa

9.0 × 10⁶