Table 7 Performance of different classifiers based on the selected features by various bio-inspired algorithms on complete dataset of 1000 samples of superpixels.
Method | Classifier | Type | Acc. | Err. | Sensit. | Specif. | Prec. | FPR | F1-Sc. | MCC |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
PCA | DT | Type-1 | 81.20 | 18.80 | 0.8120 | 0.9547 | 0.8565 | 0.0450 | 0.8337 | 0.7807 |
| Â | Type-2 | 68.40 | 31.60 | 0.6840 | 0.8573 | 0.6151 | 0.1430 | 0.6477 | 0.5232 | |
| Â | Type-3 | 77.60 | 22.40 | 0.7760 | 0.9347 | 0.7984 | 0.0650 | 0.7870 | 0.7175 | |
| Â | Type-4 | 75.20 | 24.80 | 0.7520 | 0.9280 | 0.7769 | 0.0720 | 0.7642 | 0.6875 | |
| Â | Average | 75.60 | 24.40 | 0.7560 | 0.9187 | 0.7617 | 0.0810 | 0.7582 | 0.6772 | |
KNN | Type-1 | 97.60 | 2.40 | 0.9760 | 0.9587 | 0.8873 | 0.0410 | 0.9295 | 0.9064 | |
| Â | Type-2 | 88.80 | 11.20 | 0.8880 | 0.9280 | 0.8043 | 0.0720 | 0.8441 | 0.7904 | |
| Â | Type-3 | 86.00 | 14.00 | 0.8600 | 0.9773 | 0.9267 | 0.0230 | 0.8921 | 0.8590 | |
| Â | Type-4 | 83.20 | 16.80 | 0.8320 | 0.9880 | 0.9585 | 0.0120 | 0.8908 | 0.8614 | |
| Â | Average | 88.90 | 11.10 | 0.8890 | 0.9630 | 0.8942 | 0.0370 | 0.8891 | 0.8543 | |
SVM | Type-1 | 99.20 | 0.80 | 0.9920 | 0.9853 | 0.9575 | 0.0150 | 0.9745 | 0.9660 | |
| Â | Type-2 | 91.20 | 8.80 | 0.9120 | 0.9547 | 0.8702 | 0.0450 | 0.8906 | 0.8534 | |
| Â | Type-3 | 91.60 | 8.40 | 0.9160 | 0.9800 | 0.9385 | 0.0200 | 0.9271 | 0.9033 | |
| Â | Type-4 | 90.40 | 9.60 | 0.9040 | 0.9880 | 0.9617 | 0.0120 | 0.9320 | 0.9110 | |
| Â | Average | 93.10 | 6.90 | 0.9310 | 0.9770 | 0.9320 | 0.0230 | 0.9310 | 0.9084 | |
MLP | Type-1 | 97.20 | 2.80 | 0.9720 | 0.9947 | 0.9838 | 0.0050 | 0.9779 | 0.9706 | |
| Â | Type-2 | 94.00 | 6.00 | 0.9400 | 0.9480 | 0.8577 | 0.0520 | 0.8969 | 0.8621 | |
| Â | Type-3 | 94.00 | 6.00 | 0.9400 | 0.9893 | 0.9671 | 0.0110 | 0.9533 | 0.9383 | |
| Â | Type-4 | 90.80 | 9.20 | 0.9080 | 0.9880 | 0.9619 | 0.0120 | 0.9342 | 0.9137 | |
| Â | Average | 94.00 | 6.00 | 0.9400 | 0.9800 | 0.9426 | 0.0200 | 0.9406 | 0.9212 | |
GA | DT | Type-1 | 89.60 | 10.40 | 0.8960 | 0.9653 | 0.8960 | 0.0350 | 0.8960 | 0.8613 |
| Â | Type-2 | 84.00 | 16.00 | 0.8400 | 0.9467 | 0.8400 | 0.0530 | 0.8400 | 0.7867 | |
| Â | Type-3 | 84.80 | 15.20 | 0.8480 | 0.9520 | 0.8548 | 0.0480 | 0.8514 | 0.8022 | |
| Â | Type-4 | 90.80 | 9.20 | 0.9080 | 0.9667 | 0.9008 | 0.0330 | 0.9044 | 0.8724 | |
| Â | Average | 87.30 | 12.70 | 0.8730 | 0.9577 | 0.8729 | 0.0420 | 0.8729 | 0.8306 | |
KNN | Type-1 | 98.80 | 1.20 | 0.9880 | 0.9680 | 0.9114 | 0.0320 | 0.9482 | 0.9313 | |
| Â | Type-2 | 79.20 | 20.80 | 0.7920 | 0.9773 | 0.9209 | 0.0230 | 0.8516 | 0.8109 | |
| Â | Type-3 | 90.80 | 9.20 | 0.9080 | 0.9813 | 0.9419 | 0.0190 | 0.9246 | 0.9004 | |
| Â | Type-4 | 96.40 | 3.60 | 0.9640 | 0.9573 | 0.8828 | 0.0430 | 0.9216 | 0.8955 | |
| Â | Average | 91.30 | 8.70 | 0.9130 | 0.9710 | 0.9143 | 0.0290 | 0.9115 | 0.8845 | |
SVM | Type-1 | 97.60 | 2.40 | 0.9760 | 0.9867 | 0.9606 | 0.013 | 0.9683 | 0.9576 | |
| Â | Type-2 | 91.60 | 8.40 | 0.9160 | 0.9773 | 0.9309 | 0.0230 | 0.9234 | 0.8982 | |
| Â | Type-3 | 94.00 | 6.00 | 0.9400 | 0.9773 | 0.9325 | 0.0230 | 0.9363 | 0.9149 | |
| Â | Type-4 | 95.60 | 4.40 | 0.9560 | 0.9880 | 0.9637 | 0.0120 | 0.9598 | 0.9465 | |
| Â | Average | 94.70 | 5.30 | 0.9470 | 0.9823 | 0.9469 | 0.0180 | 0.9469 | 0.9293 | |
MLP | Type-1 | 98.40 | 1.60 | 0.9840 | 0.9799 | 0.9425 | 0.0200 | 0.9628 | 0.9504 | |
| Â | Type-2 | 94.00 | 6.00 | 0.9400 | 0.9772 | 0.9325 | 0.0230 | 0.9363 | 0.9148 | |
| Â | Type-3 | 91.60 | 8.40 | 0.9160 | 0.9893 | 0.9662 | 0.0110 | 0.9405 | 0.9218 | |
| Â | Type-4 | 96.36 | 3.64 | 0.9636 | 0.9880 | 0.9636 | 0.0120 | 0.9636 | 0.9516 | |
| Â | Average | 95.09 | 4.91 | 0.9509 | 0.9836 | 0.9512 | 0.0160 | 0.9508 | 0.9346 | |
PSO | DT | Type-1 | 88.00 | 12.00 | 0.8800 | 0.9680 | 0.9016 | 0.0320 | 0.8907 | 0.8549 |
| Â | Type-2 | 82.00 | 18.00 | 0.8200 | 0.9320 | 0.8008 | 0.0680 | 0.8103 | 0.7461 | |
| Â | Type-3 | 85.20 | 14.80 | 0.8520 | 0.9480 | 0.8452 | 0.0520 | 0.8486 | 0.7979 | |
| Â | Type-4 | 89.20 | 10.80 | 0.8920 | 0.9667 | 0.8992 | 0.0330 | 0.8956 | 0.8610 | |
| Â | Average | 86.10 | 13.90 | 0.8610 | 0.9537 | 0.8617 | 0.0460 | 0.8613 | 0.8150 | |
KNN | Type-1 | 98.40 | 1.60 | 0.9840 | 0.9587 | 0.8881 | 0.0410 | 0.9336 | 0.9121 | |
| Â | Type-2 | 76.40 | 23.60 | 0.7640 | 0.9760 | 0.9139 | 0.0240 | 0.8322 | 0.7881 | |
| Â | Type-3 | 89.60 | 10.40 | 0.8960 | 0.9813 | 0.9412 | 0.0190 | 0.9180 | 0.8921 | |
| Â | Type-4 | 96.00 | 4.00 | 0.9600 | 0.9520 | 0.8696 | 0.0480 | 0.9125 | 0.8834 | |
| Â | Average | 90.10 | 9.90 | 0.9010 | 0.9670 | 0.9032 | 0.0330 | 0.8991 | 0.8689 | |
SVM | Type-1 | 97.60 | 2.40 | 0.9760 | 0.9840 | 0.9531 | 0.0160 | 0.9644 | 0.9525 | |
| Â | Type-2 | 91.60 | 8.40 | 0.9160 | 0.9773 | 0.9309 | 0.0230 | 0.9234 | 0.8982 | |
| Â | Type-3 | 92.00 | 8.00 | 0.9200 | 0.9773 | 0.9312 | 0.0230 | 0.9256 | 0.9010 | |
| Â | Type-4 | 96.40 | 3.60 | 0.9640 | 0.9867 | 0.9602 | 0.0130 | 0.9621 | 0.9494 | |
| Â | Average | 94.40 | 5.60 | 0.9440 | 0.9813 | 0.9438 | 0.0190 | 0.9439 | 0.9253 | |
MLP | Type-1 | 98.00 | 2.00 | 0.9800 | 0.9827 | 0.9496 | 0.0170 | 0.9646 | 0.9527 | |
| Â | Type-2 | 93.60 | 6.40 | 0.9360 | 0.9800 | 0.9398 | 0.0200 | 0.9379 | 0.9172 | |
| Â | Type-3 | 92.40 | 7.60 | 0.9240 | 0.9840 | 0.9506 | 0.0160 | 0.9371 | 0.9167 | |
| Â | Type-4 | 96.00 | 4.00 | 0.9600 | 0.9867 | 0.9600 | 0.0130 | 0.9600 | 0.9467 | |
| Â | Average | 95.20 | 4.80 | 0.9520 | 0.9840 | 0.9520 | 0.0160 | 0.9519 | 0.9360 | |
ACO | DT | Type-1 | 90.80 | 9.20 | 0.9080 | 0.9720 | 0.9153 | 0.0280 | 0.9116 | 0.8824 |
| Â | Type-2 | 86.40 | 13.60 | 0.8640 | 0.9400 | 0.8276 | 0.0600 | 0.8454 | 0.7927 | |
| Â | Type-3 | 84.40 | 15.60 | 0.8440 | 0.9533 | 0.8577 | 0.0470 | 0.8508 | 0.8017 | |
| Â | Type-4 | 89.60 | 10.40 | 0.8960 | 0.9720 | 0.9143 | 0.028 | 0.9051 | 0.8739 | |
| Â | Average | 87.80 | 12.20 | 0.8780 | 0.9593 | 0.8787 | 0.0410 | 0.8782 | 0.8377 | |
KNN | Type-1 | 98.80 | 1.20 | 0.9880 | 0.9640 | 0.9015 | 0.036 | 0.9427 | 0.9243 | |
| Â | Type-2 | 80.80 | 19.20 | 0.8080 | 0.9747 | 0.9140 | 0.0250 | 0.8577 | 0.8168 | |
| Â | Type-3 | 88.80 | 11.20 | 0.8880 | 0.9800 | 0.9367 | 0.0200 | 0.9117 | 0.8839 | |
| Â | Type-4 | 96.00 | 4.00 | 0.9600 | 0.9627 | 0.8955 | 0.0370 | 0.9266 | 0.9020 | |
| Â | Average | 91.10 | 8.90 | 0.9110 | 0.9703 | 0.9119 | 0.0300 | 0.9097 | 0.8817 | |
SVM | Type-1 | 98.40 | 1.60 | 0.9840 | 0.9840 | 0.9535 | 0.0160 | 0.9685 | 0.9580 | |
| Â | Type-2 | 91.60 | 8.40 | 0.9160 | 0.9773 | 0.9309 | 0.023 | 0.9234 | 0.8982 | |
| Â | Type-3 | 92.00 | 8.00 | 0.9200 | 0.9760 | 0.9274 | 0.0240 | 0.9237 | 0.8984 | |
| Â | Type-4 | 96.00 | 4.00 | 0.9600 | 0.9893 | 0.9677 | 0.0110 | 0.9639 | 0.9519 | |
| Â | Average | 94.50 | 5.50 | 0.9450 | 0.9817 | 0.9449 | 0.0180 | 0.9449 | 0.9266 | |
MLP | Type-1 | 98.40 | 1.60 | 0.9840 | 0.9760 | 0.9318 | 0.0240 | 0.9572 | 0.943 | |
| Â | Type-2 | 90.00 | 10.00 | 0.9000 | 0.976 | 0.9259 | 0.024 | 0.9128 | 0.8844 | |
| Â | Type-3 | 90.40 | 9.60 | 0.9040 | 0.9773 | 0.9300 | 0.0230 | 0.9168 | 0.8898 | |
| Â | Type-4 | 96.00 | 4.00 | 0.9600 | 0.9867 | 0.9600 | 0.0130 | 0.9600 | 0.9467 | |
| Â | Average | 93.70 | 6.30 | 0.9370 | 0.9790 | 0.9369 | 0.0210 | 0.9367 | 0.9160 | |
CS | DT | Type-1 | 89.60 | 10.40 | 0.8960 | 0.9573 | 0.8750 | 0.0430 | 0.8854 | 0.8467 |
| Â | Type-2 | 82.80 | 17.20 | 0.8280 | 0.9453 | 0.8347 | 0.0550 | 0.8313 | 0.7754 | |
| Â | Type-3 | 86.80 | 13.20 | 0.8680 | 0.9493 | 0.8510 | 0.0510 | 0.8594 | 0.8120 | |
| Â | Type-4 | 88.40 | 11.60 | 0.8840 | 0.9733 | 0.9170 | 0.0270 | 0.9002 | 0.8680 | |
| Â | Average | 86.90 | 13.10 | 0.8690 | 0.9563 | 0.8694 | 0.0440 | 0.8691 | 0.8255 | |
KNN | Type-1 | 98.40 | 1.60 | 0.9840 | 0.9627 | 0.8978 | 0.0370 | 0.9389 | 0.9191 | |
| Â | Type-2 | 76.00 | 24.00 | 0.7600 | 0.9707 | 0.8962 | 0.0290 | 0.8225 | 0.7741 | |
| Â | Type-3 | 88.40 | 11.60 | 0.8840 | 0.9760 | 0.9247 | 0.0240 | 0.9039 | 0.8732 | |
| Â | Type-4 | 94.80 | 5.20 | 0.9480 | 0.9493 | 0.8618 | 0.0510 | 0.9029 | 0.8702 | |
| Â | Average | 89.40 | 10.60 | 0.8940 | 0.9647 | 0.8951 | 0.0350 | 0.8920 | 0.8591 | |
SVM | Type-1 | 97.60 | 2.40 | 0.9760 | 0.9813 | 0.9457 | 0.0190 | 0.9606 | 0.9474 | |
| Â | Type-2 | 92.00 | 8.00 | 0.9200 | 0.9760 | 0.9274 | 0.0240 | 0.9237 | 0.8984 | |
| Â | Type-3 | 90.80 | 9.20 | 0.9080 | 0.9760 | 0.9265 | 0.0240 | 0.9172 | 0.8900 | |
| Â | Type-4 | 96.00 | 4.00 | 0.9600 | 0.9880 | 0.9639 | 0.0120 | 0.9619 | 0.9493 | |
| Â | Average | 94.10 | 5.90 | 0.9410 | 0.9803 | 0.9409 | 0.0200 | 0.9409 | 0.9213 | |
MLP | Type-1 | 98.80 | 1.20 | 0.988 | 0.9867 | 0.9611 | 0.0130 | 0.9744 | 0.9658 | |
| Â | Type-2 | 92.80 | 7.20 | 0.9280 | 0.9840 | 0.9508 | 0.0160 | 0.9393 | 0.9195 | |
| Â | Type-3 | 93.60 | 6.40 | 0.9360 | 0.9813 | 0.9435 | 0.0190 | 0.9398 | 0.9198 | |
| Â | Type-4 | 97.20 | 2.80 | 0.9720 | 0.9893 | 0.9681 | 0.0110 | 0.9701 | 0.9601 | |
| Â | Average | 95.60 | 4.40 | 0.9560 | 0.9853 | 0.9559 | 0.0150 | 0.9559 | 0.9413 | |
MSCS | DT | Type-1 | 88.80 | 11.20 | 0.8880 | 0.9587 | 0.8775 | 0.0413 | 0.8827 | 0.8433 |
| Â | Type-2 | 78.40 | 21.60 | 0.7840 | 0.9493 | 0.8376 | 0.0507 | 0.8099 | 0.7500 | |
| Â | Type-3 | 86.40 | 13.60 | 0.8640 | 0.9333 | 0.8120 | 0.0667 | 0.8372 | 0.7814 | |
| Â | Type-4 | 88.80 | 11.20 | 0.8880 | 0.9667 | 0.8989 | 0.0333 | 0.8934 | 0.8581 | |
| Â | Average | 85.60 | 14.40 | 0.8560 | 0.9520 | 0.8565 | 0.0480 | 0.8558 | 0.8082 | |
KNN | Type-1 | 98.40 | 1.60 | 0.9840 | 0.9760 | 0.9318 | 0.0240 | 0.9572 | 0.9430 | |
| Â | Type-2 | 81.20 | 18.80 | 0.8120 | 0.9533 | 0.8529 | 0.0467 | 0.8320 | 0.7782 | |
| Â | Type-3 | 90.80 | 9.20 | 0.9080 | 0.9747 | 0.9228 | 0.0253 | 0.9153 | 0.8875 | |
| Â | Type-4 | 89.60 | 10.40 | 0.8960 | 0.9627 | 0.8889 | 0.0373 | 0.8924 | 0.8564 | |
| Â | Average | 90.00 | 10.00 | 0.9000 | 0.9667 | 0.8991 | 0.0333 | 0.8992 | 0.8663 | |
SVM | Type-1 | 98.00 | 2.00 | 0.9800 | 0.9907 | 0.9722 | 0.0093 | 0.9761 | 0.9681 | |
| Â | Type-2 | 92.00 | 8.00 | 0.9200 | 0.9760 | 0.9274 | 0.0240 | 0.9237 | 0.8984 | |
| Â | Type-3 | 93.60 | 6.40 | 0.9360 | 0.9800 | 0.9398 | 0.0200 | 0.9379 | 0.9172 | |
| Â | Type-4 | 96.40 | 3.60 | 0.9640 | 0.9867 | 0.9602 | 0.0133 | 0.9621 | 0.9494 | |
| Â | Average | 95.00 | 5.00 | 0.9500 | 0.9833 | 0.9499 | 0.0167 | 0.9499 | 0.9333 | |
MLP | Type-1 | 98.80 | 1.20 | 0.9880 | 0.9987 | 0.9960 | 0.0013 | 0.9920 | 0.9893 | |
| Â | Type-2 | 94.80 | 5.20 | 0.9480 | 0.9920 | 0.9753 | 0.0080 | 0.9615 | 0.9490 | |
| Â | Type-3 | 99.20 | 0.80 | 0.9920 | 0.9853 | 0.9575 | 0.0147 | 0.9745 | 0.9660 | |
| Â | Type-4 | 97.60 | 2.40 | 0.9760 | 0.9920 | 0.9760 | 0.0080 | 0.9760 | 0.9680 | |
| Â | Average | 97.60 | 2.40 | 0.9760 | 0.9920 | 0.9762 | 0.0080 | 0.9760 | 0.9681 |