Fig. 3
From: Revealing neural resonance in neuronal ensembles through frequency response tests
Frequency responses of ECoG signals in cortex. (a) The experimental setup for in vivo electrocorticographic signal recordings in freely moving mice subjected to tNIR stimulation on a rotatable plate. (b) An example of 12-channel ECoG activity recorded from various brain regions, with each trace color-coded to indicate specific electrode locations. (c) Compares the power spectral density during stimulation (red) and prior to stimulation (blue), averaged across channels PR1, PR2, and PR3, using tNIR at 810 nm, 50 mW/cm2, with pulse frequencies from 10 to 200 Hz in 10 Hz increments, applied in a pseudo-randomized order (n = 10 mice). (d) The signal coefficient of variance (solid line) and the noise coefficient of variance (dashed line) of ECoGs as a function of frequency, with red and blue lines representing during and prior to stimulation, respectively, using the same tNIR parameters as in (c) (n = 10 mice). (e) Compares the pre-stimulation and during-stimulation power in the 1–8 Hz spectral frequency band at different tNIR frequencies (****p < 0.0001, n = 10 mice, two-sided paired t-test). (f) The frequency-response curve (right) shows the net power change in the 1–8 Hz band (one-way ANOVA, F(19, 171) = 31.5911, P = 5.98 × 10−46). Tukey’s test (left) identified significant group differences, highlighted by red dots. Dots and error bars represent means and 95% confidence intervals, respectively. (g) Compares the pre-stimulation and during-stimulation power in the 110–120 Hz spectral frequency band at different tNIR frequencies. (h) The frequency-response curve (right) shows the net power change in the 110–120 Hz band (one-way ANOVA, F(19, 171) = 30.6439, P = 3.54 × 10−45). Tukey’s test (left) identified significant group differences, highlighted by red dots. Dots and error bars represent means and 95% confidence intervals, respectively. i The topography of the sample entropy of the ECoG signal under modulation by tNIR at different frequencies. (j) Compares the pre-stimulation and during-stimulation SamEn at different tNIR frequencies. (k) The frequency-response curve (right) shows the net power change in average SamEn of the ECoG (channels PR1, PR2, PR3) (one-way ANOVA, F(19, 171) = 66.8470, P = 8.63 × 10−69. Tukey’s test (left) identified significant group differences, highlighted by red dots. Dots and error bars represent means and 95% confidence intervals, respectively. mean ± s.e.m.
