Table 5 Components and their functions with improvements.

From: Enhanced brain tumor segmentation in medical imaging using multi-modal multi-scale contextual aggregation and attention fusion

Component

Function

Improvement over existing models

Multi-modal fusion

Processes multiple MRI sequences independently

Preserves modality-specific tumor contrasts

MSCA

Extracts features at multiple spatial scales

Improves segmentation of both large and small tumors

GAF

Dynamically refines feature weights

Reduces false positives and background noise

Softmax classifier

Assigns probabilities to tumor regions

Enhances pixel-wise segmentation precision

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