Fig. 5

Study flow chart of patient inclusion. Retrospective patient screening was performed for patients admitted between March 2020 and March 2022. Patients who fulfilled the inclusion criteria and were admitted between March 19, 2020, and March 11, 2021, were allocated to the training cohort. Patients who fulfilled the inclusion criteria and were admitted to the ICU between March 11, 2021, and March 29, 2022 were allocated to the validation cohort.