Table 4 Insulin sensitivity/resistance, insulin secretion, and cardiometabolic risk factors in parents with normal glucose tolerance and elevated 1 h plasma glucose.
Elevated 1 h plasma glucose | p values | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
No | Yes | ||||||
n = 94 | n = 21 | ||||||
Fasting glucose (mg/dL) | 88 | ± | 8 | 94 | ± | 9 | 0.003 |
30 min glucose (mg/dL) | 127 | ± | 27 | 159 | ± | 23 | < 0.001 |
1 h glucose (mg/dL) | 115 | ± | 24 | 184 | ± | 22 | < 0.001 |
2 h glucose (mg/dL) | 101 | ± | 18 | 113 | ± | 15 | 0.006 |
Fasting insulin (μU/mL) | 4.7 | ± | 2.9 | 6.5 | ± | 3.7 | 0.027 |
30 min insulin (μU/mL) | 40 | ± | 26 | 46 | ± | 36 | 0.400 |
1 h insulin (μU/mL) | 41 | ± | 26 | 82 | ± | 113 | 0.112 |
2 h insulin (μU/mL) | 30 | ± | 18 | 56 | ± | 50 | 0.028 |
HbA1c (%) | 5.4 | ± | 0.3 | 5.5 | ± | 0.3 | 0.116 |
HOMA-IR | 1 | ± | 0.7 | 1.5 | ± | 0.9 | 0.014 |
Insulinogenic index (IGI) | 1.5 | ± | 2.2 | 0.7 | ± | 0.7 | 0.109 |
Oral disposition index (ODI) | 13.1 | ± | 16.5 | 3 | ± | 1.4 | < 0.001 |
Matsuda index | 10.6 | ± | 5.4 | 6.6 | ± | 3.8 | 0.002 |
AT-IR | 2.4 | ± | 1.5 | 4.9 | ± | 6.1 | 0.076 |
log IGI | − 0.04 | ± | 0.4 | -0.31 | ± | 0.35 | 0.007 |
log ODI | 0.93 | ± | 0.38 | 0.43 | ± | 0.2 | < 0.001 |
log AT-IR | 0.29 | ± | 0.29 | 0.54 | ± | 0.32 | 0.001 |
Triglyceride (mg/dL) | 101 | ± | 89 | 158 | ± | 188 | 0.189 |
log triglyceride | 1.9 | ± | 0.2 | 2.1 | ± | 0.3 | 0.048 |
Cholesterol (mg/dL) | 218 | ± | 39 | 224 | ± | 31 | 0.533 |
HDL cholesterol (mg/dL) | 70 | ± | 19 | 60 | ± | 13 | 0.025 |
LPL (ng/mL) | 70 | ± | 22 | 56 | ± | 15 | 0.009 |
Leptin (ng/mL) | 5 | ± | 3.3 | 6 | ± | 3.6 | 0.224 |
Adiponectin (µg/mL) | 10 | ± | 5 | 8.2 | ± | 5.5 | 0.162 |
Systolic BP (mmHg) | 123 | ± | 17 | 135 | ± | 19 | 0.01 |
Diastolic BP (mmHg) | 79 | ± | 12 | 82 | ± | 13 | 0.344 |
