Fig. 4
Examples of relationship between Agreeableness and Conscientiousness with Conservatism in ZCTAs with higher average Conservatism (Valdosta, Georgia & Pineville, Louisiana) and lower average Conservatism (Los Angeles/Silver Lake, California & Brooklyn, NY). This figure illustrates the unique association between Agreeableness and Conservatism within ZCTAs with some of the highest (Valdosta, GA) and lowest (Silver Lake, CA) Conservatism averages, highlighting a Polarized CSPA (a and b). The scatter plots reveal that in highly conservative Valdosta, GA, individuals who are more agreeable tend to score higher on Conservatism. In contrast, in the less conservative Silver Lake, CA, individuals who are more agreeable tend to score lower on Conservatism. Despite an overall correlation of 0.00 between Agreeableness and Conservatism, which might appear null without geographic analysis, the relationship is more nuanced when examined contextually. Furthermore, in highly conservative Pineville, LA, there is a strong positive association between Conscientiousness and Conservatism, whereas in the much less conservative Brooklyn, NY, this association is significantly weaker, suggesting an Amplified CSPA. See supplementary material, Appendix A, Table A1 for pattern of contextualized spatial personality associations (CSPAs) when the Conservatism scale is disaggregated into two distinct dimensions (i.e., religiosity and political orientation).
