Table 1 Agricultural carbon emissions, carbon sources and their coefficients.

From: Spatial spillover effect and heterogeneity of digital economy on agricultural carbon emissions

Carbon source

Carbon emission coefficient

Reference source

Fertilizer

0.89 kg(C)/kg

WEST et al.11

Pesticide

4.93 kg(C)/kg

Oak Ridge National Laboratory

Agricultural film

5.18 kg(C)/kg

Institute of Agricultural Resources and Ecological Environment, Nanjing Agricultural University

Irrigation

20.476 kg(C)/hm2

Li B et al.13

Tillage

312.60 kg(C)/km2

College of Biology and Technology, China Agricultural University

Diesel oil

0.59 kg(C)/kg

IPCC