Table 10 Spatial effect decomposition results.

From: Spatial spillover effect and heterogeneity of digital economy on agricultural carbon emissions

Variable

Direct effect

Spillover effect

Total effect

Coefficient

Standard error

Coefficient

Standard error

Coefficient

Standard error

DIG

− 0.384***

0.132

− 2.092**

1.031

− 2.475**

1.101

FSA

− 0.100***

0.014

− 0.229***

0.074

− 0.329***

0.075

PS

− 0.746***

0.158

0.453

0.868

− 0.293

0.871

LNGDP

− 0.126

0.096

− 0.179

0.412

− 0.305

0.400

UR

0.315

0.381

− 0.607

2.263

− 0.293

2.343

ISU

0.610***

0.234

2.416*

1.408

3.026**

1.449

AIS

− 0.219***

0.042

− 0.163

0.234

− 0.382

0.251

  1. “*”, “**”, and “***” respectively indicate significant levels at the 10%, 5%, and 1% levels.
Back to article page