Table 11 Wald test results.

From: Spatial spillover effect and heterogeneity of digital economy on agricultural carbon emissions

Test

Null hypothesis

Eastern region

Northeast region

Central region

Western region

Coefficient

P value

Coefficient

P value

Coefficient

P value

Coefficient

P value

Wald

SDM degenerates into SAR

49.67***

0.000

38.67***

0.000

80.89***

0.000

51.56***

0.000

SDM degenerates into SEM

36.07***

0.000

14.89**

0.037

37.65***

0.000

43.93***

0.000