Table 1 Lists of all parameters used in this study with the sources of their values and the references. [1] calibrated, [2] from calibrated values reported in other models.

Respiratory center and system

Membrane capacitance: C

Conductance: \(\:{g}_{L},{g}_{I,}{g}_{E},{g}_{Kdr},{g}_{NaP},{g}_{AD}\)

Reversal potential: \(\:{E}_{L},{E}_{I,}{E}_{E},{E}_{K},{E}_{Na}\)

Time constant: \(\:{\tau\:}_{m2},\:\:{\tau\:}_{m3}\), \(\:{\tau\:}_{m4}\)

Conversion coefficient: \(\:{k}_{1},\:{k}_{2}{,\:k}_{3},{k}_{4},{k}_{d},{k}_{a}\)

Pressure: \(\:{P}_{m},\:{P}_{L0}{,\:P}_{w},{p}_{c}^{0},\:{P}_{o}^{0}{,P}_{S0},{\varDelta\:P}_{c}\)

Partial pressure including hemoglobin: \(\:\sigma\:,\:{\sigma\:}_{C},L,\:{K}_{T},{K}_{R},\:{V}_{C},\:{C}_{u},\:{T}_{h},\:{r}_{2},{l}_{2},{z}_{0},\:H\)

Airway resistance: R

Lung elastance: E

Heart period: \(\:{T}_{L}\)

Volume of the lung capillaries: \(\:{V}_{C}\)

Acceleration rate of the chemical reaction: \(\:\delta\:\)

Diffusion capacity of CO₂: \(\:{D}_{C}\)

Diffusion capacity of O₂: \(\:{D}_{O}\)

[2]

[2]

[2]

[1]

[2]

[2]

[2]

[2]

[1]

[1]

[1]

[1]

[1]

[1]

²⁵

²⁵

²⁵

²⁵

²⁵

²⁵

²⁵

Cardiac system

Cardiac muscle: \(\:{\stackrel{-}{C}}_{1S},\:{\stackrel{-}{C}}_{2S}\),D

Neuromodulation of NE and Ach based on Hill’s equation: \(\:{c}_{Max},\:{c}_{Min,}{b}_{Max},{b}_{Min},{P}_{{NE}_{mid}},{q}_{{Ach}_{mid}},{\alpha\:}_{NE},{\alpha\:}_{Ach}\)

[2]

[1]

⁵⁶

RVLM, CVLM,

AMB, IE

Membrane capacitance: C

Conductance: \(\:{g}_{L},{\stackrel{-}{g}}_{KS},{\stackrel{-}{g}}_{NaP}\)

Reversal potential: \(\:{E}_{L},{E}_{K},{E}_{Na}\)

Time constant: \(\:{\stackrel{-}{\tau\:}}_{KS}\)

Noise strength: D

[2]

[2]

[2]

[2]

[1]

⁵⁷

⁵⁷

⁵⁷

⁵⁷

Amygdala, NTS,

RTN,

LC-NE system

Membrane capacitance: C

Conductance: \(\:{g}_{L},{\stackrel{-}{g}}_{K},{\stackrel{-}{g}}_{Na}\)

Reversal potential: \(\:{E}_{L},{E}_{K},{E}_{Na}\)

Time constant: \(\:{\stackrel{-}{\tau\:}}_{KS}\)

CO₂ modulation: \(\:{s}_{1/2},{h}_{s},{g}_{gap},{g}_{NE}^{0},{V}_{sym}^{l}\)

Time constant: \(\:{\tau\:}_{o},\:{\tau\:}_{1}\:\)

[2]

[2]

[2]

[2]

[2]

[2]

⁵⁸

⁵⁸

⁵⁸

⁵⁸

⁵⁹

⁶⁰

Cerebral cortex

Spectral radius: \(\:\rho\:\)

Activation gain: \(\:\alpha\:,\beta\:\)

Time constant: \(\:\tau\:\)

[1]

[1]

[2]

⁶¹