Table 2 Adsorption of various dye using g-C3N4 and g-C3N4 composites.
Material | Dye | Isotherm models | Kinetic models | Mechanisms | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
g-C3N4 | MB | Langmuir | Pseudo-second-order | - | |
Mushroom waste-derived g-C3N4 | MB | Freundlich, Langmuir | Pseudo-second-order | Chemisorption | |
Nanosheet g-C3N4 | MB | Freundlich | Pseudo-second-order | Multilayer adsorption | |
MgTiO3@ g-C3N4 | MB | Langmuir | Pseudo-second-order | Electrostatic interaction and π–π stacking | |
Cs-Co3O4@g-C3N4 | MG | Langmuir | Pseudo-second-order | Electrostatic attraction, chemisorption | |
CaO@ZrO2@ g-C3N4 | MG | Langmuir | Pseudo-second-order | Van der Waals forces, π–π stacking, hydrogen bonding, and electrostatic interactions | |
g-C3N4/Fe3O4/ZIF-8 | MG | Langmuir | Pseudo-second-order | Electrostatic attraction | |
g-C3N4/ZnO/Chitosan | MG | Langmuir | Pseudo-second-order | Chemisorption | |
Persimmon tannin/g-C3N4 | MO | Freundlich | Pseudo-second-order | - | |
Polypyrrole/g-C3N4 | MO | Langmuir | - | - | |
Polyaniline/g-C3N4 | MO | - | Pseudo-first-order | Electrostatic attractions | |
Polyaniline/g-C3N4 | CR | - | Pseudo-first-order | Electrostatic attractions | |
La-NiO- g-C3N4 | CR | Freundlich | Pseudo-second-order | favorable adsorption process, heterogeneous adsorbent surface, and less adsorbate/adsorbent interactions; a multilayer, and multi-anchoring adsorption |
