Fig. 4
(a) Bar graph showing the distribution of wet muscle weight loss percentage for Sham, Control, and Pycnogenol groups (n = 7 per group). Flexor ratio (Sham: 0.95 ± 0.01, Control: 0.41 ± 0.021, Pycnogenol: 0.46 ± 0.03),**p = 0.006 and Extensor ratio(Sham: 0.96 ± 0.03, Control: 0.42 ± 0.01, Pycnogenol: 0.47 ± 0.03 **p = 0.008 vs. Control, one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post hoc test The Pycnogenol group shows significantly higher ratios vs. Control. (b) Bar graph representing mean ELISA β-NGF(pg/mg) levels across Sham(1.76 ± 0.21), Control(2.05 ± 0.15), and Pycnogenol-treated groups(2.56 ± 0.43) (n = 7 per group. The Pycnogenol group demonstrated a statistically significant increase in β-NGF levels compared to the Control group (*p = 0.013), as determined by one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s post hoc test.
