Table 9 Formative construct validation.

From: A framework for AI ethics literacy: development, validation, and its role in fostering students’ self-rated learning competence

Formative construct

Items

Outer weights

t-value

p-value

VIF

Outer loading

AIEK

FI

0.360

6.882

0.000

2.553

0.899

HC

0.445

6.446

0.000

2.752

0.922

PP

0.138

2.689

0.007

2.087

0.749

RA

0.157

1.983

0.033

3.087

0.845

  1. Note: AIEK, AI ethics knowledge; FI, Fairness and inclusivity; HC, Human-centricity; PP, Privacy protection; RA, Responsibility and accountability
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