Fig. 3

Frequency sweep results showing storage modulus (\({G}^{{\prime}}\)) and loss modulus (\({G}^{{\prime}{\prime}}\)) as a function of frequency for PN, HA, BDDE-HA, PN/HA, and PN/BDDE-HA. Measurements were conducted at a temperature of 31.4 ℃ and a strain of 0.5% within a frequency range of 0.01–100%.