Table 4 Summary of current literature on Temporal muscle thickness as a prognostic marker in glioblastoma.
From: Added prognostic value of temporal muscle thickness in glioblastoma with age-stratified analysis
Study (Year, Journal) | Cohort / N | Measurement method | Cut-off | Result | Key notes | Conclusion |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Furtner et al., 2019, Neuro-Oncology | Progressive GBM (EORTC 26101); n = 596 | Baseline MRI, mean of both sides | 7.2 mm | OS HR 0.54, PFS HR 0.49 | Independent prognostic factor in recurrent GBM | Reduced TMT is an independent negative prognostic parameter |
Liu et al., 2020, Front Neurol | Primary GBM; n = 130 | 3D T1WI MRI | Median split | OS HR 0.86 | Independent predictor with age & CCRT | TMT as an independent predictor is sensitive to the survival prognosis |
An et al., 2020, J Cancer Res Clin Oncol | Newly diagnosed GBM; n = 177 | Preoperative MRI | Median split | OS HR 2.63 (1.34–2.63), PFS HR 2.21 (1.34–2.50) | Propensity-matched results consistent | TMT can be a useful prognostic biomarker for clinical outcomes |
Wende et al., 2021, Cancers | Newly diagnosed IDH-wt GBM; n = 335 | Preoperative MRI, mean of both sides | Exploratory 7.0 mm | Univariate positive; HR 1.06 | Lost significance in multivariable analysis | TMT has not appeared as a statistically independent prognostic marker |
Furtner et al., 2022, Clin | Newly diagnosed GBM (CENTRIC/CORE); n = 755 | Baseline MRI | Sex-specific cut-offs | OS HR 0.34–0.36, PFS HR 0.16–0.29 | Worse outcome of lower TMT | TMT identifies ambulatory GBM patients at risk for progressive sarcopenia and adverse outcomes. |
Broen et al., 2022, Neuro-Oncology Adv | Newly diagnosed GBM; n = 328 | Preoperative MRI, mean of both sides | ≤ 6.3 mm (men), ≤ 5.2 mm (women) | OS HR 1.44, PFS HR 1.45 | Validated sex-specific cut-offs | Sex-specific cut-offs were validated, with at-risk patients showing significantly worse survival. |
Our study | Newly diagnosed GBM; n = 285 | Preoperative MRI, mean of both sides | First quartile values using sex-specific cut-offs | OS HR 1.42 | Age-stratified analysis of prognostic value | TMT is an independent prognostic marker with increased prognostic significance according to patient age |
