Table 3 Results of single and double step Framework.

From: Precipitation modeling in Northeastern Bangladesh–India transboundary flood regions using bi-metaheuristic-optimized NMF-neural network

Station

Algorithm

type

Optimizer

MSE

RMSE

MAE

R2

Activation

function

Neuron

Sylhet

 

HHO

2.96

1.72

1.12

0.99

relu

3

Conventional model (Single step)

ESOA

25.94

5.09

2.57

0.91

relu

14

 

PSO

4.97

2.23

1.06

0.98

relu

12

 

GA

7.86

2.8

1.42

0.97

leakyrelu

10

 

HO

199.65

14.12

6.94

0.34

leakyrelu

10

 

HHO-HHO

1.75

1.32

0.59

0.99

leakyrelu

4

Proposed model (Double step)

HHO-ESOA

1.71

1.31

0.64

0.99

leakyrelu

7

 

HHO-PSO

4.92

2.21

0.83

0.98

leakyrelu

6

 

HHO-GA

1.94

1.39

0.73

0.99

relu

3

 

HHO-HO

5.06

2.24

1.25

0.98

relu

10

Chittagong

 

HHO

0.12

0.34

0.3

0.99

relu

24

Conventional model (Single step)

ESOA

6.29

2.5

2.3

0.96

leakyrelu

30

 

PSO

0.078

0.27

0.16

0.99

relu

24

 

GA

2.7

1.64

1.48

0.98

relu

30

 

HO

43.12

6.56

3.2

0.78

leakyrelu

10

 

HHO-HHO

0.11

0.33

0.22

0.99

relu

15

Proposed model (Double step)

HHO-ESOA

0.18

0.42

0.34

0.99

leakyrelu

9

 

HHO-PSO

0.0083

0.091

0.04

1

leakyrelu

22

 

HHO-GA

0.5

0.71

0.39

0.99

leakyrelu

15

 

HHO-HO

1.43

1.19

0.81

0.99

relu

23

Meghalaya

 

HHO

3.17

1.78

0.81

0.98

leakyrelu

1

Conventional model (Single step)

ESOA

14.92

3.86

1.99

0.93

relu

16

 

PSO

2.59

1.61

0.67

0.98

leakyrelu

17

 

GA

4.33

2.08

1.18

0.97

‘leakyrelu’

1

 

HO

3.68

1.92

0.96

0.98

relu

1

 

HHO-HHO

2.95

1.71

0.65

0.98

leakyrelu

1

Proposed model (Double step)

HHO-ESOA

1.55

1.24

0.63

0.99

relu

1

 

HHO-PSO

1.49

1.22

0.49

0.99

leakyrelu

1

 

HHO-GA

1.51

1.23

0.62

0.99

relu

1

 

HHO-HO

1.43

1.19

0.57

0.99

relu

1

Assam

 

HHO

2.64

1.62

0.96

0.97

relu

1

Conventional model (Single step)

ESOA

4.68

2.16

1.62

0.95

‘leakyrelu’

11

 

PSO

2.48

1.57

0.72

0.97

‘leakyrelu’

20

 

GA

4.48

2.11

1.07

0.95

‘leakyrelu’

1

 

HO

2.6

1.61

1.07

0.97

‘leakyrelu’

1

 

HHO-HHO

3.2

1.78

0.83

0.96

‘leakyrelu’

1

Proposed model (Double step)

HHO-ESOA

1.12

1.06

0.6

0.98

‘leakyrelu’

1

 

HHO-PSO

2.06

1.43

0.99

0.97

‘leakyrelu’

1

 

HHO-GA

1.59

1.26

0.59

0.98

‘leakyrelu’

1

 

HHO-HO

1.58

1.26

0.56

0.98

‘leakyrelu’

1

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