Table 2 Additional echocardiographic evaluation prior to cardiac surgery [RA: right atrium; LA: left atrium; RV: right ventricle; LV: left ventricle; aov: aortic valve; PV: pulmonary valve; MPA: main pulmonary artery; R: right; L: left].
From: Transthoracic echocardiography for evaluating cardiac parameters in growing piglets
Method | Representative figures |
|---|---|
PDA view (Fig. 5a-c) |
|
How to obtain: Supine position, probe positioned in the left axillary region, notch 1–3’oclock (Fig. 5a) • Evaluate branch pulmonary arteries by 2 d and color Doppler to look for patent ductus arteriosus (Fig. 5b-c) | |
Bubble Study (Fig. 6a-f) |
|
How to obtain: Agitated saline contrast injected from peripheral IV by certified veterinarian and Apical 4 chamber view obtained as described in Table 1 (Fig. 6a-c) • Evidence for bubbles crossing to left side in the first five cardiac cycles noted after right sided opacification (Fig. 6d-f) for evidence of intracardiac shunting. |
