Fig. 1

(a) Study area showing the locations of Moore, Davies, and Heron Reefs on the Great Barrier Reef. (b) Schematic of the coral seeding device. (c–e) Spatial distributions of long-term bottom stress used as a proxy for wave energy to guide site selection at Moore (c), Davies (d), and Heron (e). Sites were selected to span a wave energy gradient, with lower wave energy shown in blue and higher energy in red. At each reef, two sites were selected per wave energy level (levels 1 to 5), designated ‘a’ or ‘b’ (e.g., M1a, M1b). (f–h) Examples of surviving corals: Acropora millepora at Moore (f), A. hyacinthus at Davies (g), and A. hyacinthus and A. cf. kenti at Heron (h). Maps were generated using ArcGIS Pro software version 3.3, https://www.esri.com/en-us/arcgis/products/arcgis-pro/overview.