Table 1 Characteristics of the participants at baseline (n = 10,055).

From: Mediating role of arterial stiffness in the association between physical activity and cardiovascular disease risk: a prospective cohort study

Variables

Total (n = 10,055)

ePWV level in 2018

P value

< 10 m/s (n = 5030)

≥ 10 m/s (n = 5025)

Age, years, mean ± SD

57.25 ± 9.38

50.58 ± 6.90

63.94 ± 6.25

< 0.001

Age group, n (%)

   

< 0.001

< 65 years

7532 (74.91%)

4969 (98.79%)

2563 (51.00%)

 

≥ 65 years

2523 (25.09%)

61 (1.21%)

2462 (49.00%)

 

Sex, n (%)

   

< 0.001

Male

3983 (39.61%)

1874 (37.26%)

2109 (41.97%)

 

Female

6072 (60.39%)

3156 (62.74%)

2916 (58.03%)

 

Marital status, n (%)

   

< 0.001

Single or separated

810 (8.06%)

278 (5.53%)

532 (10.59%)

 

Couple

9245 (91.94%)

4752 (94.47%)

4493 (89.41%)

 

Education attainment, n (%)

   

< 0.001

< High school

8364 (83.18%)

3814 (75.83%)

4550 (90.55%)

 

≥High school

1691 (16.82%)

1216 (24.17%)

475 (9.45%)

 

Farmer, n (%)

   

< 0.001

No

4895 (48.68%)

2765 (54.97%)

2130 (42.39%)

 

Yes

5160 (51.32%)

2265 (45.03%)

2895 (57.61%)

 

Annual household income, n (%)

   

< 0.001

< 50,000 CNY

6209 (61.75%)

2910 (57.85%)

3299 (65.65%)

 

≥ 50,000 CNY

720 (7.16%)

543 (10.80%)

177 (3.52%)

 

Unclear

3126 (31.09%)

1577 (31.35%)

1549 (30.83%)

 

Current smoker, n (%)

   

0.794

No

8226 (81.81%)

4110 (81.71%)

4116 (81.91%)

 

Yes

1829 (18.19%)

920 (18.29%)

909 (18.09%)

 

Current drinker, n (%)

   

< 0.001

No

8565 (85.18%)

4403 (87.53%)

4162 (82.83%)

 

Yes

1490 (14.82%)

627 (12.47%)

863 (17.17%)

 

Sedentary time, n (%)

   

0.313

< 4 h/day

8687 (86.39%)

4363 (86.74%)

4324 (86.05%)

 

≥ 4 h/day

1368 (13.61%)

667 (13.26%)

701 (13.95%)

 

MET scores of PA, MET-min/week, mean ± SD

6778.97 ± 5094.45

7817.84 ± 5342.37

5739.06 ± 4605.03

< 0.001

PA level, n (%)

   

< 0.001

> 3000 MET-min/week (high)

7458 (74.17%)

4067 (80.85%)

3391 (67.48%)

 

600–3000 MET-min/week (moderate)

2432 (24.19%)

919 (18.27%)

1513 (30.11%)

 

< 600 MET-min/week (low)

165 (1.64%)

44 (0.87%)

121 (2.41%)

 

BMI, kg/m2, mean ± SD

24.42 ± 3.27

24.44 ± 3.26

24.39 ± 3.29

0.429

BMI level, n (%)

   

0.786

< 28 kg/m2

8695 (86.47%)

4345 (86.38%)

4350 (86.57%)

 

≥ 28 kg/m2

1360 (13.53%)

685 (13.62%)

675 (13.43%)

 

Baseline SBP, mm Hg, mean ± SD

154.80 ± 24.17

144.49 ± 24.21

165.13 ± 19.22

< 0.001

Baseline DBP, mm Hg, mean ± SD

85.64 ± 12.84

83.96 ± 13.28

87.31 ± 12.15

< 0.001

Baseline pulse pressure, mmHg, mean ± SD

69.17 ± 19.83

60.53 ± 18.19

77.83 ± 17.50

< 0.001

SBP in 2018, mm Hg, mean ± SD

136.61 ± 18.95

126.00 ± 14.09

147.22 ± 17.17

< 0.001

DBP in 2018, mm Hg, mean ± SD

80.04 ± 10.66

76.90 ± 9.23

83.18 ± 11.06

< 0.001

Hypertension, n (%)

   

< 0.001

No

2584 (25.70%)

2138 (42.50%)

446 (8.88%)

 

Yes

7471 (74.30%)

2892 (57.50%)

4579 (91.12%)

 

Diabetes mellitus, n (%)

   

< 0.001

No

7710 (76.68%)

4034 (80.20%)

3676 (73.15%)

 

Yes

2345 (23.32%)

996 (19.80%)

1349 (26.85%)

 

FBG, mmol/L, mean ± SD

6.54 ± 1.69

6.39 ± 1.60

6.68 ± 1.77

< 0.001

TC, mmol/L, mean ± SD

4.71 ± 1.15

4.62 ± 1.18

4.79 ± 1.11

< 0.001

HDL-C, mmol/L, mean ± SD

1.33 ± 0.46

1.28 ± 0.46

1.38 ± 0.45

< 0.001

  1. ePWV, estimated pulse wave velocity; n, number; SD, standard deviation; PA, physical activity; MET, metabolic equivalent of the task; h/week, hours per week; min/week, minutes per week; CNY, Chinese yuan; BMI, body mass index; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; FBG, fasting blood glucose; TC, total cholesterol; HDL-C, high density lipoprotein cholesterol.
  2. The descriptive statistics are expressed as mean ± standard deviation and number (percentage) for continuous and categorical variables. P values are calculated based on Student’s t test or chi-square test.
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