Fig. 7

This figure depicts a new mechanism by which the M1 macrophage secretome, likely via proinflammatory cytokines (TNF, IL-1β) and chemokines (CXCL9, CXCL10), downregulates DNA repair enzymes, leading to decreased resistance to TMZ. The process is mediated by the inhibition of STAT3 activation, probably driven by elevated phosphorylated STAT1.