Table 1 Material properties of the spinal components.
Spinal components | Young’s modulus (MPa) | Poisson’s ratio | Cross-sectional area (\(m{m^2}\)) | Element type | Element numbers | Density\(({10^{ - 6}}kg/m{m^3}\)) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Cortical | \({E_{xx}}=11300\) | C3D8R | 310324 | 1.7 | ||
\({E_{yy}}=11300\) | ||||||
\({E_{zz}}=22000\) | \({\upsilon _{xy}}=0.484\) | |||||
\({G_{xy}}=3800\) | \({\upsilon _{yz}}=0.203\) | |||||
\({G_{yz}}=5400\) | \({\upsilon _{xz}}=0.203\) | |||||
\({G_{xz}}=5400\) | ||||||
Cancellous bone | \({E_{xx}}=140\) | C3D4/C3D5 | 849078 | 1.1 | ||
\({E_{yy}}=140\) | ||||||
\({E_{zz}}=200\) | \({\upsilon _{xy}}=0.450\) | |||||
\({G_{xy}}=48.3\) | \({\upsilon _{yz}}=0.315\) | |||||
\({G_{yz}}=48.3\) \({G_{xz}}=48.3\) | \({\upsilon _{xz}}=0.315\) | |||||
Posterior | 3500 | 0.25 | C3D4 | 450,086 | 1.4 | |
Endplate | 24 | 0.4 | C3D8R | 10,538 | 1.2 | |
Nucleus pulpous | C10 = 0.12, C01 = 0.03 | C3D8RH | 22,108 | 1.02 | ||
Annulus substance | C10 = 0.18, C01 = 0.045 | C3D8RH | 28,478 | 1.05 | ||
Annulus fibers | ||||||
Outermost layer | 550 | 0.3 | 0.7 | T3D2 | 4654 | 1 |
Second layer | 495 | 0.3 | 0.63 | 1 | ||
Third layer | 440 | 0.3 | 0.55 | 1 | ||
Fourth layer | 420 | 0.3 | 0.49 | 1 | ||
Fifth layer | 385 | 0.3 | 0.41 | 1 | ||
Innermost layer | 360 | 0.3 | 0.30 | 1 | ||
ALL | 15 | 63.7 | T3D2 | 35 | 1 | |
PLL | 18 | 20 | T3D2 | 25 | 1 | |
LF | 12 | 40 | T3D2 | 24 | 1 | |
SSL | 10 | 30 | T3D2 | 5 | 1 | |
ISL | 10 | 40 | T3D2 | 30 | 1 | |
ITL | 50 | 1.8 | T3D2 | 20 | 1 | |
CL | 18 | 30 | T3D2 | 81 | 1 | |
