Table 4 Performance comparison of various loss functions.

From: A bird target detection model designed for substation scenarios

Loss function

mAP50

mAP50-95

CIoU

81.4

56.0

EIoU

78.3

52.3

GIoU

76.4

48.2

SIoU

75.2

46.9

WISE-IoU

83.8

55.6

Focal-EIoU

85.4

59.4