Table 12 Freeze-thaw durability indicators.

From: Mechanical, microstructure, durability, and economic assessment of nano titanium dioxide integrated concrete

Mix

Mass loss (%)

RDME (%)

VDI (0–3)

CS loss per cycle (%)

0NT

2.5

82

3

0.17

0.5NT

1.8

88

2

0.12

1NT

1.2

93

1

0.07

1.5NT

0.8

95

0

0.05

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