Table 3 LADD percentiles (25th–95th) of heavy metals by exposure route.

From: Health risk assessment and source tracking of heavy metal exposure from indoor settled dust in an environmentally vulnerable area of the Republic of Korea

Heavy metal

Exposure route

LADD percentiles

25th

50th

75th

95th

Pb

Inhalation

3.64 × 10− 9

6.05 × 10− 9

1.01 × 10− 8

2.10 × 10− 8

 

Dermal

4.55 × 10− 6

7.40 × 10− 6

1.20 × 10− 5

2.43 × 10− 5

 

Ingestion

7.11 × 10− 6

1.15 × 10− 5

1.88 × 10− 5

3.80 × 10− 5

Cd

Inhalation

3.31 × 10− 11

7.99 × 10− 11

1.93 × 10− 10

6.84 × 10− 10

 

Dermal

4.11 × 10− 9

9.79 × 10− 9

2.33 × 10− 8

8.11 × 10− 8

 

Ingestion

6.42 × 10− 8

1.53 × 10− 7

3.63 × 10− 7

1.27 × 10− 6

Ni

Inhalation

1.77 × 10− 9

2.75 × 10− 9

4.27 × 10− 9

8.01 × 10− 9

 

Dermal

2.23 × 10− 7

3.36 × 10− 7

5.07 × 10− 7

9.20 × 10− 7

 

Ingestion

3.48 × 10− 6

5.24 × 10− 6

7.91 × 10− 6

1.44 × 10− 5

  1. LADD: lifetime average daily dose.
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