Table 8 Comparison of models performance through fivefold cross validation considering 6 features (FV, SF, FL, FA, w/b, and a₀).

Model	Fold	R²	Score	RMSE (mm)	Score	VAF (%)	Score	Ranking score
DTR	1	0.601	1	0.153	1	0.603	1	15
	2	0.623	1	0.155	1	0.627	1
	3	0.581	1	0.148	1	0.590	1
	4	0.732	1	0.115	1	0.741	1
	5	0.558	1	0.136	1	0.558	1
SVR	1	0.822	7	0.102	7	0.822	7	95
	2	0.791	6	0.115	6	0.791	6
	3	0.815	6	0.098	6	0.817	6
	4	0.847	6	0.087	6	0.848	7
	5	0.814	6	0.088	6	0.816	7
NuSVR	1	0.828	8	0.100	8	0.828	8	109
	2	0.795	7	0.113	7	0.796	7
	3	0.819	7	0.097	7	0.821	7
	4	0.857	8	0.083	8	0.857	8
	5	0.814	6	0.087	7	0.815	6
GPR	1	0.821	6	0.103	6	0.821	6	108
	2	0.799	8	0.113	7	0.799	8
	3	0.824	8	0.096	8	0.825	8
	4	0.855	7	0.085	7	0.856	6
	5	0.825	7	0.085	8	0.826	8
XGBoost	1	0.705	2	0.132	2	0.706	2	30
	2	0.659	2	0.147	2	0.661	2
	3	0.726	2	0.120	2	0.726	2
	4	0.731	2	0.115	2	0.731	2
	5	0.682	2	0.115	2	0.683	2
RFR	1	0.773	5	0.116	5	0.774	5	66
	2	0.750	4	0.126	4	0.751	4
	3	0.782	4	0.107	4	0.784	4
	4	0.830	5	0.092	4	0.830	5
	5	0.796	5	0.092	5	0.797	5
GBR	1	0.764	4	0.118	4	0.765	4	51
	2	0.747	3	0.127	3	0.749	3
	3	0.745	3	0.116	3	0.751	3
	4	0.791	3	0.101	3	0.792	3
	5	0.754	4	0.101	4	0.755	3
ANN	1	0.723	3	0.128	3	0.733	3	63
	2	0.764	5	0.122	5	0.778	5
	3	0.812	5	0.099	5	0.819	5
	4	0.822	4	0.094	5	0.823	4
	5	0.731	3	0.106	3	0.786	4
TabPFN	1	0.918	9	0.072	9	0.918	9	133
	2	0.910	9	0.076	8	0.910	9
	3	0.923	9	0.069	9	0.919	9
	4	0.942	9	0.058	9	0.959	9
	5	0.925	8	0.067	9	0.923	9

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