Table 10 SEM image of hollow fiber nanofitration membrane surface.

From: Pilot-scale research on advanced treatment of surface water from Beijing-Hangzhou grand Canal with seasonably variable temperature based on Hollow fiber nanofiltration

 

ΔIP-ΔTMP ≥ 0

ΔIP-ΔTMP < 0

Originally-fouled

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Air Scoured

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Forwardly Flushed

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Backwashed

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