Table 1 Characteristics of enrolled patients.

Age, median (IQR) in years

61.7 (56-69.7)

Urine specimen type, n (%)

 Prebiopsy

 Pre-prostatectomy

 Healthy subjects

62 (42.2%)

37 (25.2%)

48 (32.7%)

Total PSA at enrollment (PCa patients), median (IQR) in ng/ml

6.7 (4.9–9.6)

Total PSA at enrollment (negative biopsy patients), median (IQR) in ng/ml

6.5 (5.4–9.3)

PCa status, n (%)

 PCa diagnosis

 No PCa diagnosis

78 (53.1%)

69 (46.9%)

Stage at diagnosis, n (%)

 < T3

 ≥ T3

 N1M0

 N1M1

 Missing

53 (83.4%)

5 (8.4%)

2 (3.3%)

3 (5%)

15

Gleason score at diagnosis, n (%)

 < 8

 ≥ 8

 Missing

57 (80.3%)

14 (19.7%)

7

Metastasis at diagnosis, n (%)

 None

 Presence of metastasis

 Missing

96 (97%)

3 (3%)

48

Development of distant metastases, n (%)

 None

 Development of metastatic lesions

 Missing

93 (93.9%)

6 (6.1%)

48

Initial treatment received, n (%)

 Robot-Assisted Radical Prostatectomy

 Androgen deprivation

 Active surveillance

 Radiotherapy

 Missing

52 (75.4%)

9 (13%)

4 (5.8%)

4 (5.8%)

9

Status at the 5-year follow-up, n (%)

 Alive

 Lost to follow-up

 Deceased

 Missing

73 (76.8%)

21 (22.1%)

1 (1.1%)

52