Fig. 4

The cell–cell crosstalk network between invasive versus non-invasive RB. A Detailed network of cell–cell interactions among eleven cell subsets. Comparison of invasive versus non-invasive RB. B Dot plots depict the changed numbers of putative ligand–receptors in invasive RB compared with invasive versus non-invasive RB (red, increased; blue, decreased). C By comparing differences between invasive versus non-invasive RB cell interaction receptors and ligands in several key cell types. (a) Ligand activity prediction by “NicheNet” algorithms shows the top 20 ligands best predicting all DEGs between sender and receiver cells. (b) The bubble plot shows the expression patterns of the predicted ligands on other immune cells. (c) Ligand–target matrix displayed in RB. D Analysis of KEGG enrichment of target genes downstream of receptor-ligand regulation. E The receptor-ligand gene expression in the invasive and non-invasive RB patients.