Table 5 Ranking of ML models based on statistical performance metrics using the 5-fold cross-validation method.

From: Forecasting compressive strength of concrete containing rice husk ash using various machine learning algorithms

Fold no.

 

SVR

GPR

NuSVR

MLPR

ANN

VR

HGBR

ETR

RF

GBR

XGBoost

DTR

Fold 1

R2

0.9518

0.9312

0.9344

0.9087

0.8862

0.8123

0.7983

0.7931

0.7562

0.7503

0.7288

0.3312

Score

12

11

10

9

8

7

6

5

4

3

2

1

RMSE

2.98

3.82

3.99

5.13

5.87

7.21

7.66

8.03

8.57

8.94

9.25

13.81

Score

12

11

10

9

8

7

6

5

4

3

2

1

VAF (%)

97.2

96.14

95.83

94.12

94.01

88.86

88.04

87.43

87.12

86.39

85.74

58.31

Score

12

11

10

9

8

7

6

5

4

3

2

1

Fold 2

R2

0.9716

0.9594

0.9643

0.95

0.9349

0.8744

0.8649

0.8634

0.8319

0.8297

0.8113

0.4593

Score

12

10

11

9

8

7

6

5

4

3

2

1

RMSE

2.88

3.72

3.89

5.04

5.78

7.12

7.57

7.94

8.48

8.85

9.16

13.75

Score

12

11

10

9

8

7

6

5

4

3

2

1

VAF (%)

98.69

98.05

97.83

96.69

96.95

92.47

91.87

91.45

91.41

90.86

90.37

65.22

Score

12

11

10

8

9

7

6

5

4

3

2

1

Fold 3

R2

0.9905

0.9825

0.9883

0.9797

0.9683

0.9146

0.9073

0.9077

0.8789

0.8785

0.8617

0.5328

Score

12

10

11

9

8

7

5

6

4

3

2

1

RMSE

2.43

3.97

3.48

5.72

6.83

8.95

9.64

10.21

11.03

11.60

12.07

19.49

Score

12

11

10

9

8

7

6

5

4

3

2

1

VAF (%)

98.52

97.84

97.61

96.41

96.63

92.09

91.47

91.03

90.96

90.40

89.89

64.51

Score

12

11

10

8

9

7

6

5

4

3

2

1

Fold 4

R2

0.9713

0.9671

0.9623

0.9461

0.9298

0.8671

0.8568

0.8547

0.8223

0.8195

0.8006

0.4411

Score

12

11

10

9

8

7

6

5

4

3

2

1

RMSE

2.76

3.21

3.79

5.29

6.16

7.76

8.29

8.73

9.36

9.80

10.16

15.68

Score

12

11

10

9

8

7

6

5

4

3

2

1

VAF (%)

98.14

97.34

97.09

95.74

95.86

91.14

90.46

89.97

89.83

89.22

88.66

62.68

Score

12

11

10

8

9

7

6

5

4

3

2

1

Fold 5

R2

0.9590

0.9370

0.9439

0.9156

0.8931

0.8187

0.8046

0.7993

0.7624

0.7564

0.7349

0.3345

Score

12

10

11

9

8

7

6

5

4

3

2

1

RMSE

2.75

3.70

3.79

5.43

6.34

8.04

8.61

9.07

9.74

10.20

10.59

16.47

Score

12

11

10

9

8

7

6

5

4

3

2

1

VAF (%)

98.34

97.67

97.38

96.21

96.43

91.88

91.26

90.82

90.75

90.18

89.67

64.30

Score

12

11

10

8

9

7

6

5

4

3

2

1

All folds

Sum of scores

180

162

153

131

124

105

89

76

60

45

30

15

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