Fig. 1

Schematic diagram of the solid-state synthesis route for BFBT–SZ ceramics. Stoichiometric raw powders were mixed and ball-milled in ethanol for 4 h, dried at 100 °C, and calcined at 700 °C for 2 h. The calcined powders were re-milled, pressed into pellets (8 mmx2 mm) under 6000 lbs, and sintered at 1000 °C for 3 h. The sintered samples were furnace-cooled, polished, silver-coated, and used for electrical characterization.