Fig. 5

(a) EDS spectrum of undoped BFBT piezoceramics showing the presence of Ba, Bi, Fe, Ti, and O. Minor peaks corresponding to Si and C originate from the sample holder and carbon coating, respectively, confirming the elemental composition and purity of the synthesized material. (b-c) EDS spectra of BFBT–SZx ceramics (x = 0.02 and 0.04 mol%) display additional Sr and Zr peaks alongside the primary BFBT elements. The detection of all intended elements without extraneous signals confirms high material purity and effective incorporation of SrZrO3 dopants.