Table 2 Factors related to having CVD in COPD patients. “Multivariable logistic model”.

Sex, Female (reference)

Male

1

1.88 (1.47–2.39)

Age < 55 years, (reference)

≥ 55

1

2.46 (1.60–3.78)

IPA (x1 Pack-years)

1.00 (0.99–1.00)

Active smokers, Not (reference)

Yes

1

0.76 (0.61–0.95)

0.018

BMI < 30kg/m2 (reference)

≥ 30

1

1.13 (0.88–1.46)

0.324

Charlson index without cardiovascular disease

1.16 (1.09–1.24)

Anxiety, Not (reference)

Yes

1

0.77 (0.55–1.08)

0.134

Sleep apnoea, Not (reference)

Yes (n, %)

1

1.62 (1.20–2.20)

0.002

Dyspnea (MRC-m) < 2 (reference)

≥ 2

1

1.54 (1.26–1.90)

< 0.001

Chronic bronchitis, Not (reference)

Yes

1

1.14 (0.91–1.44)

0.235

Number of hospital admissions in the last year, < 1 (reference)

≥ 1

1

1.82 (1.44–2.30)

< 0.001