Table 1 The key performance indicators of the four types of the ceramic colloids at particle size diameter 90 nm, ceramic powder refractive index 2.1, resin refractive index 1.2 and wavelength 405 nm31,32.

From: A concurrent bioceramic colloid design for dental crowns additive manufacturing by vat photopolymerization

Key performance indicator

Colloid 1

Colloid2

Colloid3

Colloid 4

Weight percentage of the ceramic powder %

20

10

5

1

Volume percentage of the ceramic powder %

3.333

1.667

0.833

0.167

Ideal interparticle distance (h)(nm)(Eq. 4)

135

194

268

522

Griffith factor Q

0.270

0.388

0.536

1.044

Ideal Depth of penetration(Dp)(micron)

6.5

9

13

34

Actual depth of penetration(0.75 Ideal depth of penetration)

5

4

10

25