Table 3 Key factors influencing fluid stability.
Parameter | Performance | Physical Mechanism | Practical applications |
|---|---|---|---|
\(P_{e}\) | Elevated standards promote interfacial destabilization | Escalates non-Newtonian shear-thinning conduct, leading to intensified velocity gradients and diminished viscous damping | Triggers inflow irregularities in blood vessels, disrupts controlled drug dispersion, and affects nutrient transport across biological membranes |
\(\beta_{c}\) | Increasing measures tend to destabilize liquid interfaces | Elevates yield stress threshold, causing delayed inflow initiation and nonlinear resistance to deformation | Critical in modeling blood rheology, influencing polymer solution inflows, and regulating resistance in tissue-engineered microfluidics |
\(Oh\) | Higher amounts reduce interface stability | A lower viscous-to-inertial ratio limits damping, enhancing the amplitude of surface-tension-induced oscillations | This leads to droplet breakup in drug delivery systems, instability in respiratory mucus layers, and inaccuracies in biomedical inkjet printing |
\(D_{n}\) | Increased amounts enhance interface stability | Higher permeability diminishes internal liquid resistance, dampening convective inflows and suppressing perturbations | Pivotal for optimizing perfusion in porous tissues, controlling transdermal drug delivery, and maintaining uniform inflow in biological scaffolds |
\(\varepsilon_{1}\) | Amplifies destabilization with escalated measures | Enlarges EHD stresses by escalating charge accumulation at interfaces, leading to stronger normal stress imbalances | Influences electrofluidic precision, affects interface stability in lab-on-chip systems, and aids in the electrophoretic control of biological particles |
