Table 3 Comparison of retinal abnormalities by delivery method (n, %).

From: Analysis of full-term neonatal eye disease screening results and trends from 2016 to 2023

  

Vaginal Delivery

Cesarean Section

X2

P Value*

Retinal Hemorrhage

No

7013 (60.25)

7091 (95.95)

1840.390

0.000

Yes

2975 (29.75)

299 (4.05)

Retinal White Spots

No

9171 (91.82)

6764 (91.53)

0.473

0.429

Yes

817 (8.18)

626 (8.47)

Retinal Exudates

No

9397 (94.08)

7036 (95.21)

10.488

0.001

Yes

591 (5.92)

354 (4.79)