Table 1 Socio-demographics and neuropsychological data by diagnosis groups.

From: Exposure to heavy metals and neuropsychological performance in children with and without attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)

Variables

N

Non-ADHD – 66

ADHD – 139

p

n (%)

n (%)

Sociodemographic

 Sex

   

< 0.001

  Male

144

35 (53.0)

109 (78.42)

 

  Female

61

31 (47.0)

30 (21.58)

 

 SES

   

0.14

  Low

11

2 (3.2)

9 (7.09)

 

  Medium

136

43 (69.4)

93 (73.23)

 

  High

42

17 (27.4)

25 (19.69)

 

 Pharmacological treatment (ADHD)

205

-

21 (15.11%)

< 0.001

  

M ± SD

M ± SD

 

Age (years)

205

10.48 ± 1.07

10.24 ± 2.24

0.39

Nutritional data

 BMI (kg/cm)

205

19.05 ± 3.70

19.36 ± 3.81

0.57

 SDQI score

 

62.92 ± 7.01

61.52 ± 6.08

0.14

Neuropsychological test

 WISC IV/V

  VCI

171

107.38 ± 11.57

97.55 ± 17.75

< 0.001

  VSI

70

107.37 ± 12.92

98.66 ± 13.08

0.08

  PRI/FRI

166

109.90 ± 13.60

97.59 ± 14.43

< 0.001

  WMI

165

100.27 ± 13.95

89.89 ± 13.36

< 0.001

  PSI

162

104.62 ± 13.28

93.73 ± 14.48

< 0.001

  FIQ

180

110.77 ± 14.36

103.76 ± 18.16

0.01

 Conners CPT-2/3

  DET

186

53.73 ± 8.26

56.60 ± 8.41

0.03

  OMI

186

50.84 ± 10.34

58.80 ± 14.47

< 0.001

  COMI

186

53.38 ± 8.28

53.43 ± 8.11

0.97

  HRT

186

49.11 ± 9.56

55.72 ± 10.71

< 0.001

  HRT-SD

186

51.95 ± 9.21

60.02 ± 13.02

< 0.001

  1. SES - socio-economic status; BMI - body mass index; SDQI - Spanish diet quality index; VCI – verbal comprehension index; VSI – visual spatial index; PRI/FRI – perceptual/fluid reasoning index; WMI – working memory index; PSI – speed processing index; FQI - full intellectual quotient; DET – detectability; OMI – omission; COMI – commission; HRT – reaction time; HRT-SD - reaction time standard deviation.
Back to article page