Table 3 Mean difference and 95% CI of metabolite ratios in participants with chronic non-specific neck pain (n = 29) compared to pain-free controls (n = 26).

From: Brain metabolic alterations in individuals with chronic non-specific neck pain assessed using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy

Brain region

Metabolite ratios

Left hemisphere

Right hemisphere

Mean difference (95% CI)

Adjusted p-value

ηp2

Mean difference (95% CI)

Adjusted p-value

ηp2

DLPFC

Cho/tCr

0.00 (− 0.03 to 0.03)

0.84

0.00

− 0.03 (− 0.07 to 0.02)

0.46

0.03

mI/tCr

− 0.21 (− 0.33 to − 0.09)

0.004

0.20

0.07 (− 0.17 to 0.30)

0.78

0.01

NAA/tCr

− 0.02 (− 0.20 to 0.16)

1.00

0.00

− 0.05 (− 0.26 to 0.16)

0.63

0.01

Glx/tCr

0.19 (− 0.31 to 0.69)

0.89

0.01

− 0.77 (− 1.29 to − 0.26)

0.02

0.15

Insula

Cho/tCr

− 0.01 (− 0.05 to 0.02)

0.94

0.01

0.01 (− 0.01 to 0.03)

1.00

0.01

mI/tCr

− 0.03 (− 0.10 to 0.03)

1.00

0.02

− 0.03 (− 0.12 to 0.06)

1.00

0.01

NAA/tCr

0.03 (− 0.13 to 0.19)

0.96

0.00

0.03 (− 0.15 to 0.20)

0.75

0.00

Glx/tCr

− 0.00 (− 0.31 to 0.30)

0.98

0.00

0.07 (− 0.27 to 0.42)

0.90

0.00

S1

Cho/tCr

0.05 (0.02 to 0.08)

0.01

0.18

− 0.01 (− 0.05 to 0.03)

0.70

0.00

mI/tCr

− 0.04 (− 0.11 to 0.04)

0.64

0.02

− 0.02 (− 0.10 to 0.06)

0.83

0.01

NAA/tCr

0.05 (− 0.17 to 0.28)

0.85

0.01

− 0.33 (− 0.51 to − 0.15)

< 0.001

0.22

Glx/tCr

0.02 (− 0.29 to 0.33)

0.92

0.00

− 0.07 (− 0.32 to 0.19)

1.00

0.01

Thalamus

Cho/tCr

0.00 (− 0.04 to 0.04)

0.96

0.00

0.03 (− 0.02 to 0.07)

0.87

0.03

mI/tCr

− 0.14 (− 0.24 to − 0.04)

0.03

0.14

− 0.00 (− 0.11 to 0.10)

0.96

0.00

NAA/tCr

0.03 (− 0.18 to 0.24)

1.00

0.00

0.15 (− 0.09 to 0.40)

0.44

0.03

Glx/tCr

− 0.17 (− 0.56 to 0.23)

0.80

0.02

0.16 (− 0.25 to 0.57)

0.59

0.01

  1. Data are presented as adjusted mean difference, neck pain vs. control (95% CI, Confidence Interval). DLPFC, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex; S1, primary somatosensory cortex; tCr, total creatine; Cho, choline; mI, myo-inositol; NAA, N-acetylaspartate; Glx, glutamate/glutamine.