Table 2 Summary of recent approaches for dental infection detection.

From: ACO-optimized MobileNetV2-ShuffleNet hybrid model for automated dental caries classification

Ref

Year

Objective

Dental infection type

Image type

Models used

19

2024

To improve deep learning-based recognition of dental diseases in X-ray images collected from hospitals.

Six major classes: healthy teeth, caries, impacted teeth, infections, fractured teeth, and broken-down crowns/roots (BDC/BDR).

Panoramic dental radiographs

Image enhancement-contrast-limited adaptive histogram equalization (CLAHE); identification-YOLOv7

20

2024

To propose effective methodology for segmentation and classification of tooth types in 3D dental models

–

Panoramic dental X-rays

Preprocessing-random number image conversion filter; segmentation-custom mask-CNN; classification-adaptive enhanced GoogLeNet (AEG)

21

2022

To utilize the deep gradient-based LeNet classifier model for the diagnosis of caries lesions.

Caries

Bitewing radiographs

Preprocessing-Gaussian filter, gray scaling, thresholding; feature extraction-kernel-based non-linear fisher analysis; classification-DGLeNet

22

2022

To enhance caries detection using FOC-KKC segmentation and metaheuristic-based ResNeXt-RNN.

Caries

Periodic dental X-ray images

Preprocessing-CLAHE, bilateral filtering; segmentation-FOC-KKC with hybrid sea lion–squirrel search optimization (HSLnSSO); detection-M-ResNeXt-RNN with HSLnSSO