Table 5 Cluster profiling and comparison results (n = 4802)

Cluster Variable Means, \(\mathbf{\bar X}\)

HTAS = 3.0

ENV = 3.4

APP = 2.8

AVD = 2.7

FB = 3.1

PB = 3.1

HTAS = 3.2

ENV = 4.2

APP = 3.5

AVD = 1.8

FB = 2.8

PB = 2.7

HTAS = 3.5

ENV = 4.3

APP = 4.3

AVD = 1.5

FB = 2.2

PB = 2.0

All p < 0.01

Cluster Profiles

NUS Intentions

3.1

3.5

4.1

< 0.01

η² = 0.23

Age, years

43.6

43.3

42.3

0.012

η² = 0.002

Gender

Male

Female

1171 (55.6%)

932 (44.3%)

601 (45.3%)

727 (54.7%)

602 (44.0%)

767 (56.0%)

< 0.01

χ2₍₄₎ = 61.0

Education Level

Up to Primary Education

Secondary Education

Post-secondary, non-tertiary education

University Degree

85 (4.0%)

1236 (58.7%)

368 (17.5%)

416 (19.8%)

30 (2.3%)

752 (56.6%)

275 (20.7%)

271 (20.4%)

22 (1.6%)

705 (51.5%)

279 (20.4%)

363 (26.5%)

< 0.01

χ2₍₁₀₎ = 54.0

Occupation

Unemployed

Student

Self-Employed

Part-Time

Full-Time

Retired

Other

241 (11.4%)

129 (6.1%)

129 (6.1%)

199 (9.5%)

1094 (52.0%)

205 (9.7%)

108 (5.1%)

133 (10.0%)

124 (9.3%)

79 (5.9%)

137 (10.3%)

665 (50.1%)

116 (8.7%)

74 (5.6%)

117 (8.5%)

131 (9.6%)

106 (7.7%)

129 (9.4%)

729 (53.3%)

109 (8.0%)

48 (3.5%)

< 0.01

χ2₍₁₂₎ = 39.6

Area

Rural

Urban

749 (35.6%)

1356 (64.4%)

421 (31.7%)

907 (68.3%)

409 (29.9%)

960 (70.1%)

< 0.01

χ2₍₂₎ = 13.4